Author: Adolf Pfefferbaum

To test how dACC functional network connectivity would be modulated by uncertainty and differ between individuals, 24 healthy participants underwent functional MRI in 3 sequential runs: 1 resting-state and 2 decision-making task runs. Individuals with lower nonplanning impulsiveness made greater use of a Pass option and avoided uncertain ambiguous situations.

The objective was to assess development of EEG markers of these strategies and their role in both preparatory attention (contingent negative variation, CNV) and response monitoring (Error Related Negativity, ERN, and Correct Related Negativity, CRN).

Here we report monkey oral ethanol self-administration combined with MR imaging to characterize brain changes over 15 months in 18 well-nourished rhesus macaques.

Recent scientific advances have provided substantial information on the brain circuits and pathways relevant to various aspects of dependence. 

This work investigates changes in the metabolic fate of acetyl-CoA in response to metabolic interventions of DCA-induced increased PDC flux in the fed and fasted state, and increased cardiac workload with dobutamine in vivo in rat heart at two different pyruvate doses.

Here, we investigated change in CC microstructural fiber integrity over one year in 12 (7w, 5m) alcoholics (ALC) and 13 (7w, 6m) age-matched controls (CTL). ALC and CTL did not differ in years of education (mean=15 years for both groups) or verbal IQ (CTL=107, ALC=104).

We propose that attenuated insular CBF is a mechanism underlying compromised connectivity among salience network nodes. This local perfusion deficit in alcoholics has the potential to impair ability to switch from cognitive states of interoceptive cravings to cognitive control for curbing internal urges.

We present a novel approach – DTI-based fiber tract-driven topographical mapping – to map and measure the influence of age on the integrity of interhemispheric fibers and challenge their selective functions with measures of interhemispheric integration of lateralized information.

In this work, we show that dynamic MRSI of hyperpolarized pyruvate and its conversion to [1-13C]lactate can provide an indirect in vivo  measurement of ALDH2 activity via the concentration of NADH.